WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11 — Network Communications

1 Computer network 2 Client and server 3 Peer-to-peer and client-server communication models 4 LAN and WAN 5 Internet vs World Wide Web 6 Network protocols 7 Wired transmission 8 Ethernet cable 9 Fibre optic cable 10 Signal weakening over distance in cables 11 Wireless transmission 12 Wi-Fi 13 Wi-Fi range and interference 14 Bandwidth and network speed 15 Latency 16 Serial transmission 17 Parallel transmission 18 Data skew in parallel transmission 19 Comparing serial and parallel transmission 20 Simplex data transmission 21 Half-duplex data transmission 22 Full-duplex data transmission 23 Choosing a transmission method for a scenario 24 Purpose of layers in a network model 25 The OSI seven-layer model 26 The TCP/IP four-layer model 27 Mapping the TCP/IP model to the OSI model 28 Encapsulation and decapsulation through the layers 29 Network interface (wired and wireless adapter) 30 Network switch 31 Router 32 Wireless access point 33 Modem 34 Network devices and the layers they operate at 35 What a MAC address is 36 MAC address format 37 IP address 38 IPv4 address format 39 Spotting an invalid IPv4 address 40 The limited number of IPv4 addresses 41 IPv6 address format 42 Shortening an IPv6 address 43 Static IP address 44 Dynamic IP address 45 DHCP 46 Differences between a MAC address and an IP address 47 Private and public IP addresses 48 Subnet mask 49 Checking whether two devices are on the same network 50 Default gateway 51 Internet Protocol (IP) 52 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 53 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 54 Port numbers 55 Purpose of HTTP 56 HTTP request and response 57 Email protocols: SMTP and IMAP 58 Splitting a URL into its parts 59 Why domain names are used instead of IP addresses 60 Domain name server (DNS) 61 A DNS lookup step by step 62 From URL to web page: the full sequence 63 Why data is broken down into packets 64 The three parts of a packet 65 Packet header 66 Packet switching 67 A router controls each packet's route 68 Routing table and next hop 69 Packets arriving out of order 70 Reordering packets at the destination 71 Hops and time to live (TTL) 72 The ping command 73 The nslookup command 74 The traceroute command 75 Why data is checked after transmission 76 Interference as the cause of transmission errors 77 Parity bit 78 Checksum 79 Echo check 80 The ARQ process step by step 81 Explaining how data arrives intact across a network 82 Star network topology 83 Bus, ring and mesh topologies 84 Drawing a network diagram 85 Factors that affect network design 86 Scalability of a network 87 Wired vs wireless: speed 88 Wired vs wireless: reliability 89 Wired vs wireless: security 90 Wired vs wireless: cost and installation 91 Choosing a network type for a scenario 92 Redundant routes keep a network working 93 Designing a network from requirements 94 Building a small network in a network simulator 95 ISM guideline: segmentation and segregation 96 Trust boundaries 97 Man-in-the-middle attacks 98 Risks of unsecured public Wi-Fi 99 Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack 100 STRIDE threat categories 101 Writing a threat model table 102 Why data is encrypted 103 Encrypting and decrypting with one shared key 104 Public key 105 Private key 106 HTTP compared with HTTPS 107 SSL certificates and the handshake 108 Virtual private networks (VPNs) 109 Securing a Wi-Fi network 110 MAC address filtering 111 Firewalls 112 Firewall software 113 Network (hardware) firewall 114 Firewall rule: allow or deny by port 115 Firewall rule: allow or deny by IP address 116 Firewall rule order and default deny 117 What a proxy server is 118 How a proxy server keeps data safe 119 Intrusion detection systems (IDS) 120 Intrusion prevention systems (IPS) 121 Antivirus software 122 Operating system updates 123 Authentication vs authorisation 124 Authentication factors 125 Multi-factor authentication 126 OS function: managing user accounts 127 Access levels 128 Reading a permission string like rwxr-x--- 129 The principle of least privilege 130 Role-based access control 131 Access control lists 132 Access logs and audit trails 133 Spotting an attack in a log file 134 ISM guideline: network access controls 135 Choosing access controls for a scenario 136 Choosing a solution to counter a threat 137 Explaining how hardware and software control access to data in a network 138 OS function: managing files 139 Folder hierarchy and file paths 140 File naming, shared folders and version history 141 Backup strategies 142 Comparing full, incremental and differential backups 143 Backup storage locations and the 3-2-1 rule 144 Archiving data 145 Secure disposal of files and storage media 146 Scheduling a task to run automatically 147 A shell script to automate file tasks 148 File Operations – Open 149 File Operations – Write 150 Automating a file backup with a Python script

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Network basics, communication models and data transmission Students learn what networks are, how client-server and peer-to-peer models work, and how data is carried over wired and wireless media in different transmission modes.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Network layers and devices Students learn why network models are layered, how the OSI and TCP/IP models compare, how encapsulation works, and which devices operate at which layer.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Network addressing Students learn how MAC addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, DHCP, subnet masks and default gateways identify devices and direct traffic.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Internet protocols, ports and DNS Students learn how IP, TCP, UDP, HTTP and email protocols, port numbers and DNS work together to deliver a web page from a URL.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Packets, routing and error detection Students learn how data is split into packets, routed and reassembled, how network commands trace that journey, and how errors are detected and corrected.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Network topologies and design Students learn network topologies, the factors that shape network design, wired versus wireless trade-offs, scalability and redundancy, and how to design and simulate a network from requirements.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Network threats and secure communication Students learn how to model threats to networks and how encryption, HTTPS, VPNs and Wi-Fi security protect data in transit.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Firewalls and network protection Students learn how firewalls, proxy servers, intrusion detection and prevention, antivirus software and updates protect digital assets.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: Authentication and access control Students learn how authentication, permissions, role-based access, access control lists and audit logs control who can reach data, and how to choose controls for a scenario.

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WA Computer Science ATAR Year 11: File management, backup and automation Students learn how to organise, back up, archive and securely dispose of files, and how to automate these tasks with schedulers and shell and Python scripts.

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Python Crossword: Advanced (Modules 41–50) 10 clues · Sets – Operations, Nested Lists, Lists + Dictionaries, File Operations – Open and more

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Python Word Search: Advanced (Modules 41–63) 20 words to find · Sets – Operations, Nested Lists, Lists + Dictionaries, File Operations – Open and more

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VCE Cyber Security Crossword: Emerging trends in cyber security to Antivirus software (Modules 1–10) 10 clues · Emerging trends in cyber security, Regulatory compliance, Zero Trust Architecture, Routers and more

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VCE Cyber Security Crossword: AI-based network security software and more (Modules 11–20) 10 clues · AI-based network security software, Intrusion detection systems (IDS), Intrusion prevention systems (IPS), Wired communications technology and more

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VCE Cyber Security Crossword: Worms to Operating system updates (Modules 31–40) 10 clues · Worms, Ransomware, Denial of service attacks, Improper credential management and more

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VCE Cyber Security Crossword: ECDH to ISM guideline: network access controls (Modules 51–60) 10 clues · ECDH, ECDSA, Machine learning analysis of network traffic, Real-time monitoring and notification and more

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VCE Cyber Security Word Search: Emerging trends in cyber security and more (Modules 1–20) 20 words to find · Emerging trends in cyber security, Regulatory compliance, Zero Trust Architecture, Routers and more

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VCE Cyber Security Word Search: Local Area Networks (LANs) to Operating system updates (Modules 21–40) 20 words to find · Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), Global exposure to cyber security threats and more

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VCE Cyber Security Word Search: Software malware updates to Information Privacy Principle 5 (Modules 41–74) 22 words to find · Software malware updates, Staff procedures, Encryption and decryption, Caesar cipher and more

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Issues in Technology Crossword: Is AI using too much power? and more (Part 1 of 2) 10 clues · Is AI using too much power?, How does an AI actually work?, Compression - losing quality or saving space?, Why file size matters and more

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Issues in Technology Word Search: Is AI using too much power? to What is RADCAB? (All modules) 22 words to find · Is AI using too much power?, How does an AI actually work?, Compression - losing quality or saving space?, Why file size matters and more

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Years 5–6 Digital Systems Crossword: Inside digital systems and Data and networks (Modules 11–20) 10 clues · Cloud storage, Motherboard, Graphics processing unit (GPU), Network interface (wired and wireless adapter) and more

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Years 5–6 Digital Systems Crossword: Data and networks (Modules 21–30) 10 clues · Data transmission, Wired transmission, Wireless transmission, Bluetooth for short-range transfer and more

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Years 5–6 Digital Systems Crossword: Data and networks and Accounts, passphrases and security (Modules 31–40) 10 clues · Modem, Wireless access point, IP address, Data packets and more

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Years 5–6 Digital Systems Word Search: Inside digital systems and Data and networks (Modules 1–20) 20 words to find · Digital system, Hardware, Software, Input, process, output and storage and more

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Years 5–6 Digital Systems Word Search: Data and networks and Accounts, passphrases and security (Modules 21–52) 20 words to find · Data transmission, Wired transmission, Wireless transmission, Bluetooth for short-range transfer and more

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Years 7–8 Digital Systems Crossword: Data transmission and network security and Account security and cyber threats (Modules 26–74) 10 clues · Comparing wired and wireless networks, Wi-Fi range and interference, HTTPS and the padlock, Securing a Wi-Fi network and more

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Years 7–8 Digital Systems Word Search: Hardware for particular tasks to Account security and cyber threats (Modules 4–74) 20 words to find · CPU clock speed (GHz), CPU cores, HDD vs SSD performance, Storage units: KB, MB, GB, TB and more

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Years 9–10 Digital Systems Crossword: Controlling and securing access to data (Modules 13–24) 10 clues · Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication vs authorisation and more

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Years 9–10 Digital Systems Crossword: Software supply chain vulnerabilities and Threat modelling and security responses (Modules 70–79) 10 clues · Reducing supply chain risk, Risk as likelihood and impact, Risk rating matrix, Data flow diagram of a system and more

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Years 9–10 Digital Systems Word Search: Controlling and securing access to data and Threats and software vulnerabilities (Modules 13–40) 20 words to find · Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authentication vs authorisation and more

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Years 9–10 Digital Systems Word Search: Threats and software vulnerabilities to Threat modelling and security responses (Modules 41–79) 20 words to find · SQL injection, Buffer overflow, Zero-day vulnerabilities, Insider threats and human error and more

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VCE Software Development U3O2 Crossword: Legal requirements for copyright, ownership and privacy to Ideation and evaluating design ideas (Modules 72–85) 10 clues · IPP 10: sensitive information, File naming, shared folders and version history, Version control for software projects, Full backup and more

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VCE Software Development U3O2 Word Search: Analytical tools and the software requirements specification to Ideation and evaluating design ideas (Modules 52–85) 20 words to find · Purpose of a software requirements specification (SRS), SRS content: requirements, constraints and scope, SRS content: user characteristics and technical environment, SRS content: analytical tools depicting existing systems and more

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VCE Software Development U4O2 Crossword: Vulnerabilities and risks in insecure development environments and Third-party software, code review and combined environments (Modules 23–47) 10 clues · What makes a development environment insecure, What an API is, Risks of using APIs, Hard-coded API keys and secrets and more

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VCE Software Development U4O2 Word Search: Organisational goals and in-house vs external development to Third-party software, code review and combined environments (Modules 1–47) 20 words to find · Goals and objectives of medium and large organisations, Security as an organisational objective, Medium and large organisations compared, In-house development: advantages and more

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VCE Data Analytics U3O2 Crossword: Data integrity to Evaluating designs and design tools (Modules 76–146) 10 clues · Data integrity: reasonableness, Data integrity: timeliness, Participant information statement, Consent form and more

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VCE Data Analytics U3O2 Word Search: Research questions and project planning to Evaluating designs and design tools (Modules 3–146) 21 words to find · What a research question is, Research question feature: clarity, Research question feature: measurability of data requirements, Research question feature: feasibility and more

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VCE Data Analytics U4O2 Crossword: Disaster recovery plans to Victorian privacy and health records legislation (Modules 80–113) 10 clues · Disaster recovery plan feature: evacuation, Backup storage locations and the 3-2-1 rule, Disaster recovery plan feature: restoration, Disaster recovery plan feature: communication and more

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VCE Data Analytics U4O2 Word Search: Evaluating security with CIA and security controls to Victorian privacy and health records legislation (Modules 44–113) 21 words to find · Adaptive (risk-based) authentication, Physical security controls, Data loss prevention controls, Protecting data at rest and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 1.3 Data Storage and Compression and 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 86–109) 10 clues · Why compression is needed: less storage space, Why compression is needed: less bandwidth, Why compression is needed: shorter transmission time, Lossy compression permanently removes data and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 110–120) 10 clues · The three parts of a packet, Packet header, Destination address in a packet header, Originator's address in a packet header and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 121–130) 10 clues · Why packets can take different routes, Packets arriving out of order, Reordering packets at the destination, Describing the packet switching process step by step and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 131–141) 10 clues · Simplex data transmission, Half-duplex data transmission, Full-duplex data transmission, Advantages and disadvantages of simplex, half-duplex and full-duplex and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods and 2.2 Methods of Error Detection (Modules 142–154) 10 clues · Drawbacks of USB, Evaluating USB for a given use, Why data is checked after transmission, Interference as the cause of transmission errors and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection (Modules 168–178) 10 clues · Checksum, Calculating a checksum, Checking a checksum at the receiver, What a checksum can and cannot detect and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection (Modules 179–188) 10 clues · Bar code check digit, Checking a number with its check digit on entry, What a check digit cannot detect, Automatic repeat query (ARQ) and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection and 2.3 Encryption (Modules 189–203) 10 clues · Choosing an error detection method for a scenario, Interception of data on a network, Plaintext, Ciphertext and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.3 Encryption and 3.1 Computer Architecture (Modules 204–217) 10 clues · Private key, Encrypting with the recipient's public key, Decrypting with the private key, Sending a secure message with asymmetric encryption and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 3.3 Data Storage and 3.4 Network Hardware (Modules 325–341) 10 clues · Comparing cloud storage with local storage, Writing exam answers about data storage, What a MAC address is, MAC addresses are given at manufacture and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 3.4 Network Hardware (Modules 342–354) 7 clues · The limited number of IPv4 addresses, IPv6 address format, Shortening an IPv6 address, Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 4.1 Types of Software and Interrupts (Modules 373–389) 10 clues · OS function: managing files, OS function: providing a graphical user interface (GUI), OS function: providing a command-line interface (CLI), OS function: managing peripherals and drivers and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 5.1 The Internet and the World Wide Web (Modules 464–476) 10 clues · URL part: the web page or file name, Splitting a URL into its parts, Purpose of HTTP, HTTP request and response and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 5.1 The Internet and the World Wide Web (Modules 477–489) 10 clues · Browser function: navigation tools, Browser function: storing cookies, Matching a browser function to a need, Why domain names are used instead of IP addresses and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 5.2 Digital Currency and 5.3 Cyber Security (Modules 520–546) 10 clues · Working out ownership from the blockchain, Stopping the same digital currency being spent twice, Writing exam answers about digital currency and blockchain, Trojan horse and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 5.3 Cyber Security and 6.1 Automated Systems (Modules 553–577) 10 clues · Access levels, Anti-spyware software, What a proxy server is, How a proxy server keeps data safe and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 1.3 Data Storage and Compression and 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 86–120) 21 words to find · Why compression is needed: less storage space, Why compression is needed: less bandwidth, Why compression is needed: shorter transmission time, Lossy compression permanently removes data and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods (Modules 121–141) 20 words to find · Why packets can take different routes, Packets arriving out of order, Reordering packets at the destination, Describing the packet switching process step by step and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 2.1 Data Transmission Types and Methods and 2.2 Methods of Error Detection (Modules 142–164) 21 words to find · Drawbacks of USB, Evaluating USB for a given use, Why data is checked after transmission, Interference as the cause of transmission errors and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection (Modules 168–188) 21 words to find · Checksum, Calculating a checksum, Checking a checksum at the receiver, What a checksum can and cannot detect and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection to 3.1 Computer Architecture (Modules 189–217) 20 words to find · Choosing an error detection method for a scenario, Interception of data on a network, Plaintext, Ciphertext and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 3.3 Data Storage and 3.4 Network Hardware (Modules 325–354) 20 words to find · Comparing cloud storage with local storage, Writing exam answers about data storage, What a MAC address is, MAC addresses are given at manufacture and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 3.4 Network Hardware and 4.1 Types of Software and Interrupts (Modules 356–389) 20 words to find · Writing exam answers about network hardware and addresses, System software, Examples of application software, System software versus application software and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 5.1 The Internet and the World Wide Web (Modules 464–489) 21 words to find · URL part: the web page or file name, Splitting a URL into its parts, Purpose of HTTP, HTTP request and response and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 5.2 Digital Currency and 5.3 Cyber Security (Modules 510–546) 21 words to find · Digital ledger, What a ledger record contains, Time-stamp, A record that cannot be altered and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 5.3 Cyber Security and 6.1 Automated Systems (Modules 553–607) 21 words to find · Access levels, Anti-spyware software, What a proxy server is, How a proxy server keeps data safe and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Crossword: Wired and Wireless Networks (Modules 54–68) 10 clues · Ethernet cable, Fibre optic cable, Signal weakening over distance in cables, Wi-Fi and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Crossword: Wired and Wireless Networks and Representing Text, Images and Sound (Modules 69–124) 10 clues · Wired vs wireless: mobility and convenience, Choosing a network type for a scenario, TCP/IP: the internet's core protocols, Redundant routes keep a network working and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Crossword: Networks and Cyber Threats (Modules 674–695) 10 clues · Checking whether an account appears in a data breach, Setting up MFA with an authenticator app, Backup codes and account recovery, Why data is encrypted and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Word Search: Hardware and Performance and Wired and Wireless Networks (Modules 13–68) 20 words to find · Clock speed or more cores: which helps which task, How much RAM different tasks need, Choosing storage type and size together, Video memory (VRAM) and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Word Search: Wired and Wireless Networks and Representing Text, Images and Sound (Modules 69–152) 21 words to find · Wired vs wireless: mobility and convenience, Choosing a network type for a scenario, TCP/IP: the internet's core protocols, Redundant routes keep a network working and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Word Search: Programming with Control Structures and Functions (JavaScript) and Networks and Cyber Threats (Modules 635–695) 21 words to find · Random whole numbers with Math.random() and Math.floor(), Combining sequence, selection and iteration in one program, Writing a program that uses functions and control structures, Higher or lower number guessing game and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Networked Systems and Access Control (Modules 12–34) 10 clues · Star network topology, Drawing a network diagram, DHCP, Private and public IP addresses and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Networked Systems and Access Control (Modules 41–55) 10 clues · Routing table and next hop, Hops and time to live (TTL), The traceroute command, Building a small network in a network simulator and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Networked Systems and Access Control and Content, Structure and Presentation (Modules 116–154) 10 clues · Reading a permission string like rwxr-x---, Network (hardware) firewall, Firewall rule: allow or deny by port, Firewall rule: allow or deny by IP address and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 828–859) 10 clues · Analysing a real supply chain attack, Code signing and trusted sources, Software bill of materials (SBOM), Reducing supply chain risk and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Networked Systems and Access Control (Modules 12–55) 20 words to find · Star network topology, Drawing a network diagram, DHCP, Private and public IP addresses and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Networked Systems and Access Control to Data Compression (Modules 116–225) 20 words to find · Reading a permission string like rwxr-x---, Network (hardware) firewall, Firewall rule: allow or deny by port, Firewall rule: allow or deny by IP address and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 810–859) 21 words to find · Zero-day vulnerabilities, Outdated versions of software, Default credentials and insecure settings, Improper credential management and more

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Crossword: Standard Algorithms and Network Communications (Modules 315–470) 10 clues · Comparing the number of comparisons in bubble and selection sort, Peer-to-peer and client-server communication models, Purpose of layers in a network model, The OSI seven-layer model and more

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Word Search: Pseudocode and Algorithm Design to Network Communications (Modules 100–470) 20 words to find · User and technical documentation, Length check with len(), Format check with string methods, List check with the in operator and more