ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Scramble: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 828–859)
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Word scramble
Unscramble the letters and write each key term on the line.
1
UPPSYL HCINA TTAAKC
An attack where hackers breach one trusted supplier and use its software update to reach many victims. A case study traces the supplier, how the update spread and who was hit.
2
EDOC NISIGNG
Adding a digital signature to software so a computer can check it came from the named publisher and has not been changed since it was signed.
3
OBMS
A software bill of materials: a list of every component and library inside software, with version numbers, so each can be checked for known vulnerabilities.
4
AEIENTSSL IGHTE
Eight baseline security strategies from the Australian government, like patching, MFA, backups and application control, that cut the risk of cyber incidents.
5
OGL SASINALY
Reading a log in time order for patterns, like many failed logins then one success, odd times or unfamiliar places, to spot an attack.
6
(IIOOPSTN + HITSF) DOM 62
Caesar wrap-around rule: with A=0 to Z=25, add the shift then take MOD 26 so letters past Z loop back to A. Example: X (23) + 5 = 28, MOD 26 = 2, which is C.
7
YKE CPSAE
The total number of different keys a cipher allows. A Caesar cipher has only 25 useful keys, so an attacker can try them all. More keys means a bigger ______ and a stronger cipher.
8
UORTR-CFEEB TACKAT
Trying every possible key, such as all 25 Caesar shifts, then choosing the result that reads as sensible text. A short key leaves few shifts to try, so the cipher is weak.
Answer Key
ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 · Modules 828–859
1UPPSYL HCINA TTAAKC → supply chain attack — An attack where hackers breach one trusted supplier and use its software update to reach many victims. A case study traces the supplier, how the update spread and who was hit.
2EDOC NISIGNG → code signing — Adding a digital signature to software so a computer can check it came from the named publisher and has not been changed since it was signed.
3OBMS → SBOM — A software bill of materials: a list of every component and library inside software, with version numbers, so each can be checked for known vulnerabilities.
4AEIENTSSL IGHTE → Essential Eight — Eight baseline security strategies from the Australian government, like patching, MFA, backups and application control, that cut the risk of cyber incidents.
5OGL SASINALY → log analysis — Reading a log in time order for patterns, like many failed logins then one success, odd times or unfamiliar places, to spot an attack.
6(IIOOPSTN + HITSF) DOM 62 → (position + shift) MOD 26 — Caesar wrap-around rule: with A=0 to Z=25, add the shift then take MOD 26 so letters past Z loop back to A. Example: X (23) + 5 = 28, MOD 26 = 2, which is C.
7YKE CPSAE → key space — The total number of different keys a cipher allows. A Caesar cipher has only 25 useful keys, so an attacker can try them all. More keys means a bigger key space and a stronger cipher.
8UORTR-CFEEB TACKAT → brute-force attack — Trying every possible key, such as all 25 Caesar shifts, then choosing the result that reads as sensible text. A short key leaves few shifts to try, so the cipher is weak.