QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4 — Prototype Digital Data Exchanges

1 print() function 2 Variables 3 input() function 4 Basic Data Types 5 Type Conversion 6 Basic Arithmetic 7 More Arithmetic 8 Comparison Operators 9 Boolean Logic 10 Sequence: instructions run in order 11 If Statements 12 else Statements 13 elif Statements 14 Nested if statements in Python 15 For Loops 16 range() 17 While Loops 18 String Methods (upper, lower, replace…) 19 F-String Formatting 20 One-dimensional arrays 21 Lists – Creation 22 Creating an array of a set size 23 Lists – Indexing 24 Lists – Methods (append, remove, pop, insert) 25 Looping through a list with for...in 26 Looping through an array by index 27 Functions – Defining 28 Functions – Parameters 29 Functions – Return Values 30 Functions – Scope 31 Functions calling other functions 32 Program structure with a main() function 33 Imports 34 Creating Modules (.py files to import) 35 Runtime error: type mismatch 36 Error Handling – try/except basics 37 Existence checking in code 38 Type checking in code 39 Range checking in code 40 Functions that return True or False (Python) 41 Input validation with a while loop 42 Combining validation checks in a validation function 43 Arithmetic Operators in Pseudocode 44 Boolean Operators in Pseudocode 45 if-then block 46 else if: chained selection 47 for loop: for i from 1 to n 48 while loop 49 Counters and accumulators in pseudocode 50 Arrays in pseudocode 51 define: defining a function 52 return keyword 53 Tracing a decision inside a loop with a trace table 54 Tracing a compound condition step by step 55 Debugging a program with print() and trace tables 56 Desk checking an algorithm that calls a function 57 What SQL is 58 Primary key 59 Foreign key and table relationships 60 CREATE TABLE and INSERT INTO 61 SQL DROP TABLE 62 SQL ALTER TABLE 63 SQL constraints for validation 64 SQL UPDATE and DELETE 65 SQL SELECT and FROM 66 SQL WHERE conditions 67 SQL ORDER BY 68 SQL aggregate functions: COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, MAX 69 SQL GROUP BY 70 SQL HAVING 71 Why a query over two tables needs a join 72 Writing the ON condition: foreign key equals primary key 73 Table-qualified field names in a join 74 A join with WHERE and ORDER BY 75 SQL sub-select (subquery) 76 File Operations – Open 77 Plain text (TXT) files: structure 78 File Operations – Read 79 File Operations – Write 80 Files – Error Handling (try/except) 81 Splitting a line into fields with .split() 82 Reading a CSV file into an array of records 83 Writing records to a CSV file 84 Reading and writing binary files 85 Connecting to a SQLite database with sqlite3 86 Running SQL from Python: execute, fetchall and commit 87 What a library is: standard vs third-party 88 Installing a third-party library with pip 89 The math module 90 What an API is 91 Calling a web API with requests.get() 92 Reading JSON data from an API response 93 Handling API errors 94 Keeping API keys secure 95 Creating JSON text with json.dumps 96 Sending data with requests.post() 97 XML files: structure 98 Reading an XML file with ElementTree 99 Reasons for using TXT, CSV and XML data sources 100 Receive, process and display external data 101 Why data is encrypted 102 Encryption and decryption 103 Symmetric encryption 104 Caesar cipher 105 Caesar cipher wrap-around with MOD 26 106 ord() and chr() in Python 107 Testing letters with isalpha() and isupper() 108 Encrypting a message with a Caesar loop in Python 109 Decrypting a Caesar cipher in Python 110 Polyalphabetic ciphers 111 Vigenere cipher 112 Vigenere cipher in Python 113 One-time pad cipher 114 Generating a one-time pad key in Python 115 Encrypting and decrypting with a one-time pad in Python 116 The XOR cipher 117 Why a symmetric key must be shared 118 Protecting data in transit 119 Protecting data at rest 120 Ethical issue: misuse of personal data and information 121 Ethical issue: use of inaccurate or incomplete data 122 Ethical issue: ownership and control of data 123 Evaluating the security impacts of a data exchange 124 Choosing a range of test data 125 Test table layout 126 Testing a function with assert 127 Testing one module in isolation 128 Testing a prototype for accuracy 129 Testing a prototype for reliability 130 Efficiency of a solution 131 Effectiveness of a solution 132 Maintainability improvements in code 133 Purposes of internal documentation 134 UX characteristic: usability 135 Applying evaluation criteria to a solution

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Python programming foundations Students learn to write Python programs using output, variables, data types, conversions, arithmetic operators (including integer division and modulus), and selection and iteration.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: One-dimensional arrays and lists Students create, index, modify and loop through one-dimensional arrays and lists in Python.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Functions and modularisation Students implement algorithms as modular programs using functions, parameters, return values, scope, a main() function and importable modules.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Data types, validation and error handling Students use error-checking functions, validation checks and try/except to make programs handle bad input and runtime errors.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Pseudocode and desk checking Students express algorithms in generic pseudocode and desk check them, including modular algorithms, using trace tables.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: SQL database design and defining tables Students learn what SQL is, how keys link tables, and how to create, alter and drop tables with constraints.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: SQL queries and data changes Students change data with UPDATE and DELETE and write SELECT queries using WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING, inner joins and sub-selects.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Reading external data from files and databases Students read and write text, CSV and binary files and run SQL from Python using sqlite3.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Libraries, APIs and data exchange formats Students use existing code libraries and web APIs to receive and send JSON and XML data, then build a receive, process and display prototype.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Ciphers and encryption Students explain symmetric encryption and program the Caesar, polyalphabetic (Vigenere) and one-time pad ciphers in Python.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Security impacts and ethics of data Students learn how data is protected in transit and at rest and evaluate the security impacts of a data exchange on use, dissemination, storage, accuracy and ownership.

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 4: Testing and evaluating a prototype Students design test data and test tables, test a prototype for accuracy and reliability, and evaluate it for efficiency, effectiveness, maintainability and usability.

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Python Crossword: Getting Started (Modules 1–10) 10 clues · print() function, input() function, Comments, Variables and more

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Python Crossword: Control Flow (Modules 11–20) 10 clues · Type Conversion, Comparison Operators, Boolean Logic, If Statements and more

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Python Crossword: Functions (Modules 21–30) 10 clues · range(), Error Handling – try/except basics, break and continue, Functions – Defining and more

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Python Crossword: Data Structures (Modules 31–40) 10 clues · String Methods (upper, lower, replace…), String Formatting (.format()), Lists – Creation, Lists – Indexing and more

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Python Crossword: Advanced (Modules 41–50) 10 clues · Sets – Operations, Nested Lists, Lists + Dictionaries, File Operations – Open and more

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Python Word Search: Getting Started and Control Flow (Modules 1–20) 22 words to find · print() function, input() function, Comments, Variables and more

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Python Word Search: Functions and Data Structures (Modules 21–40) 20 words to find · range(), Error Handling – try/except basics, break and continue, Functions – Defining and more

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Python Word Search: Advanced (Modules 41–63) 20 words to find · Sets – Operations, Nested Lists, Lists + Dictionaries, File Operations – Open and more

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VCE Cyber Security Crossword: Software malware updates to RSA (Modules 41–50) 10 clues · Software malware updates, Staff procedures, Encryption and decryption, Caesar cipher and more

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VCE Cyber Security Word Search: Software malware updates to Information Privacy Principle 5 (Modules 41–74) 22 words to find · Software malware updates, Staff procedures, Encryption and decryption, Caesar cipher and more

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VCE Pseudocode Crossword: What is Pseudocode to if-then block (Modules 1–10) 6 clues · What is Pseudocode, Pseudocode Writing Conventions, Variable Assignment: x <- value, input keyword and more

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VCE Pseudocode Crossword: if-then-else block to Reading and tracing complex pseudocode (Modules 11–28) 10 clues · if-then-else block, else if: chained selection, for loop: for i from 1 to n, Nested for loops and more

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VCE Pseudocode Word Search: What is Pseudocode to Reading and tracing complex pseudocode (Modules 1–28) 20 words to find · What is Pseudocode, Pseudocode Writing Conventions, Variable Assignment: x <- value, input keyword and more

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VCE Data Analysis Crossword: Privacy and the Australian Privacy Principles and Ethics and APA referencing (Modules 38–54) 10 clues · APP 2: anonymity and pseudonymity, Holding information only for its primary purpose, Security measures to protect personal information, Critiquing a system against the Australian Privacy Principles and more

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VCE Data Analysis Word Search: Data types and data characteristics to Ethics and APA referencing (Modules 25–54) 20 words to find · Characteristic of data: accessibility, Characteristic of information: clarity, Characteristic of information: context, Data quality: accuracy and more

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VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Crossword: Manipulating, validating and testing spreadsheet data and Relational database structure (Modules 35–44) 10 clues · Pivot tables, What is a relational database?, What a single-table database is, Database field data types and more

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VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Crossword: Relational database structure and Querying data with SQL (Modules 45–54) 10 clues · Importing a CSV file into a database table, Validation rules on database fields, SQL constraints for validation, What a database query is and more

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VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Crossword: Querying data with SQL to Purposes and types of data visualisations (Modules 55–70) 10 clues · SQL GROUP BY, SQL JOIN across two tables, SQL UPDATE and DELETE, Testing a query against the data and more

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VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Word Search: Manipulating, validating and testing spreadsheet data to Querying data with SQL (Modules 35–54) 20 words to find · Pivot tables, What is a relational database?, What a single-table database is, Database field data types and more

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VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Word Search: Querying data with SQL to Visualisation components and design conventions (Modules 55–86) 20 words to find · SQL GROUP BY, SQL JOIN across two tables, SQL UPDATE and DELETE, Testing a query against the data and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Requirements and design tools to Naming conventions and internal documentation (Modules 10–47) 10 clues · Data dictionary, Writing a data dictionary entry, Designing classes with a class diagram, Object descriptions and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Naming conventions and internal documentation and Pseudocode (Modules 48–71) 10 clues · Camel casing, Snake casing, Hungarian notation for variables, Hungarian notation for interface controls and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Pseudocode to Data structures (Modules 72–96) 10 clues · Turning pseudocode into Python, Changing a global variable with the global keyword, Functions calling other functions, Program structure with a main() function and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Data structures and Data sources and files (Modules 98–113) 10 clues · Records: fields with different data types, Accessing a record's fields by name and by field index, Choosing a data structure, Plain text (TXT) files: structure and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Data sources and files to Graphical user interfaces (Modules 114–124) 10 clues · Reading an XML file with ElementTree, Validation: why data is checked on entry, Types of validation check, Existence checking in code and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Searching and sorting algorithms and Errors and debugging (Modules 156–166) 10 clues · Comparing searching and sorting algorithms, Applying an algorithm to a task, Logic errors in Python, Runtime errors in Python and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Errors and debugging and Testing modules (Modules 168–177) 10 clues · Debugging a program with print() and trace tables, Setting a breakpoint, Stepping through code and watching variables, Tracing nested loops and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Crossword: Testing modules and Artificial intelligence in programming (Modules 178–193) 10 clues · Testing one module in isolation, Modifying an existing program, Emerging trend: AI code generation tools, Writing a prompt to generate code and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Word Search: Requirements and design tools to Pseudocode (Modules 10–71) 21 words to find · Data dictionary, Writing a data dictionary entry, Designing classes with a class diagram, Object descriptions and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Word Search: Pseudocode to Data sources and files (Modules 72–113) 21 words to find · Turning pseudocode into Python, Changing a global variable with the global keyword, Functions calling other functions, Program structure with a main() function and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Word Search: Data sources and files to Object-oriented programming (Modules 114–141) 20 words to find · Reading an XML file with ElementTree, Validation: why data is checked on entry, Types of validation check, Existence checking in code and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Word Search: Object-oriented programming to Errors and debugging (Modules 142–166) 20 words to find · OOP principle: inheritance, Calling the parent __init__ with super(), Linear search in Python, Binary search in Python and more

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VCE Software Development U3O1 Word Search: Errors and debugging to Artificial intelligence in programming (Modules 168–193) 20 words to find · Debugging a program with print() and trace tables, Setting a breakpoint, Stepping through code and watching variables, Tracing nested loops and more

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VCE Software Development U3O2 Crossword: Ideation and evaluating design ideas to User experience and software design (Modules 86–109) 10 clues · Mood boards, Design criteria for an interface, Comparing alternative designs with a decision matrix, Efficiency of a solution and more

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VCE Software Development U3O2 Word Search: Ideation and evaluating design ideas to User interface design principles (Modules 86–119) 20 words to find · Mood boards, Design criteria for an interface, Comparing alternative designs with a decision matrix, Efficiency of a solution and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Crossword: Classes, objects and access modifiers to Code repositories, APIs, libraries and AI assistants (Modules 82–114) 10 clues · Choosing access modifiers for a class, Readability improvements in code, Built-in functions sum(), min() and max(), List comprehensions and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Crossword: Code repositories, APIs, libraries and AI assistants (Modules 115–124) 10 clues · Branches and merging, What a library is: standard vs third-party, Random numbers with import random, The math module and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Crossword: Code repositories, APIs, libraries and AI assistants to Beta testing (Modules 125–171) 10 clues · Keeping API keys secure, Validation versus verification, Alpha testing, Commenting out code to isolate a bug and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Crossword: Beta testing and Evaluation strategies and criteria (Modules 172–182) 10 clues · Observing a beta testing scenario, Documenting beta test results, Recommending modifications from beta test results, Writing evaluation criteria for efficiency and effectiveness and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Word Search: Efficient and effective solutions and user-centred design to Code repositories, APIs, libraries and AI assistants (Modules 3–114) 20 words to find · User-centred design, Order of operations with brackets in Python, Choosing data types for input, storage and output, Procedures versus functions and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Word Search: Code repositories, APIs, libraries and AI assistants to Beta testing (Modules 115–171) 22 words to find · Branches and merging, What a library is: standard vs third-party, Random numbers with import random, The math module and more

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VCE Software Development U4O1 Word Search: Beta testing to Project plans, progress and effectiveness (Modules 172–198) 20 words to find · Observing a beta testing scenario, Documenting beta test results, Recommending modifications from beta test results, Writing evaluation criteria for efficiency and effectiveness and more

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VCE Data Analytics U4O2 Crossword: Evaluating security with CIA and security controls to Disaster recovery plans (Modules 44–79) 10 clues · Adaptive (risk-based) authentication, Physical security controls, Data loss prevention controls, Protecting data at rest and more

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VCE Data Analytics U4O2 Word Search: Evaluating security with CIA and security controls to Victorian privacy and health records legislation (Modules 44–113) 21 words to find · Adaptive (risk-based) authentication, Physical security controls, Data loss prevention controls, Protecting data at rest and more

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VCE Applied Computing U1O2 Crossword: Requirements and design tools to Naming conventions and internal documentation (Modules 8–88) 10 clues · Writing an IPO chart for a program, Accessing record fields by index, Abstraction in OOP, Encapsulation in OOP and more

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VCE Applied Computing U1O2 Word Search: Requirements and design tools to Legal requirements and emerging trends (Modules 8–124) 21 words to find · Writing an IPO chart for a program, Accessing record fields by index, Abstraction in OOP, Encapsulation in OOP and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Crossword: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection and 2.3 Encryption (Modules 189–203) 10 clues · Choosing an error detection method for a scenario, Interception of data on a network, Plaintext, Ciphertext and more

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IGCSE Computer Science Paper 1 Word Search: 2.2 Methods of Error Detection to 3.1 Computer Architecture (Modules 189–217) 20 words to find · Choosing an error detection method for a scenario, Interception of data on a network, Plaintext, Ciphertext and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Crossword: Algorithms, Flowcharts and Pseudocode and Tracing and Debugging Algorithms (Modules 420–481) 10 clues · Tracing a decision inside a loop with a trace table, Adding a condition column to a trace table, Tracing a decision inside a loop, Completing a flowchart prediction table and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Crossword: Networks and Cyber Threats (Modules 674–695) 10 clues · Checking whether an account appears in a data breach, Setting up MFA with an authenticator app, Backup codes and account recovery, Why data is encrypted and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Word Search: Algorithms, Flowcharts and Pseudocode to Programming with Control Structures and Functions (Python) (Modules 420–519) 20 words to find · Tracing a decision inside a loop with a trace table, Adding a condition column to a trace table, Tracing a decision inside a loop, Completing a flowchart prediction table and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 7–8 Word Search: Programming with Control Structures and Functions (JavaScript) and Networks and Cyber Threats (Modules 635–695) 21 words to find · Random whole numbers with Math.random() and Math.floor(), Combining sequence, selection and iteration in one program, Writing a program that uses functions and control structures, Higher or lower number guessing game and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Entities, Relationships and Queries (Modules 433–451) 10 clues · The repeated-data problem in one big table, Entity, Attributes become fields, One-to-one and many-to-many relationships and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Entities, Relationships and Queries (Modules 459–475) 10 clues · Pattern matching with LIKE, % and _, BETWEEN and IN in a WHERE clause, Why a query over two tables needs a join, Writing the ON condition: foreign key equals primary key and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Algorithms with Logical Operators (Modules 492–534) 10 clues · Turning a worded rule into AND, OR and NOT, Drawing AND as two decisions in a row, Drawing OR as two decisions sharing one outcome, Choosing nested IFs or one compound condition and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Algorithms with Logical Operators and Testing and Validating Programs (Modules 536–590) 10 clues · Choosing test data for compound conditions, What it means to validate an algorithm or program, Working out the expected output before you run the code, Edge cases with lists and strings and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Modular and Object-Oriented Programming (Python) (Modules 629–680) 10 clues · Functions that return True or False (Python), Passing a list into a function, Functions that change a list or return a new one, Building and returning a list from a function and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 828–859) 10 clues · Analysing a real supply chain attack, Code signing and trusted sources, Software bill of materials (SBOM), Reducing supply chain risk and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 860–875) 10 clues · Frequency analysis, Transposition cipher: rail fence, CODE and CHAR functions in a spreadsheet, The MOD function in a spreadsheet and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Crossword: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities and Privacy Principles and Digital Footprints (Modules 876–944) 10 clues · Brute-forcing a Caesar cipher in Python, Vigenere cipher in Python, The XOR cipher, Base64 is encoding, not encryption and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Analysing and Visualising Data and Entities, Relationships and Queries (Modules 413–451) 21 words to find · Connecting one slicer to several pivot charts, Referencing a cell on another worksheet, Named ranges, A drop-down list as a chart selector and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Entities, Relationships and Queries and Algorithms with Logical Operators (Modules 459–534) 22 words to find · Pattern matching with LIKE, % and _, BETWEEN and IN in a WHERE clause, Why a query over two tables needs a join, Writing the ON condition: foreign key equals primary key and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Algorithms with Logical Operators and Testing and Validating Programs (Modules 536–622) 20 words to find · Choosing test data for compound conditions, What it means to validate an algorithm or program, Working out the expected output before you run the code, Edge cases with lists and strings and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Modular and Object-Oriented Programming (Python) and Modular and Object-Oriented Programming (JavaScript) (Modules 629–707) 21 words to find · Functions that return True or False (Python), Passing a list into a function, Functions that change a list or return a new one, Building and returning a list from a function and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities (Modules 810–859) 21 words to find · Zero-day vulnerabilities, Outdated versions of software, Default credentials and insecure settings, Improper credential management and more

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ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Word Search: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities and Privacy Principles and Digital Footprints (Modules 860–944) 20 words to find · Frequency analysis, Transposition cipher: rail fence, CODE and CHAR functions in a spreadsheet, The MOD function in a spreadsheet and more

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 1 Crossword: Algorithms and Programming Techniques and Programmed Solutions (Modules 158–380) 10 clues · input keyword, if-then-else block, Repeat-Until loop, define: defining a function and more

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QCE Digital Solutions Unit 1 Word Search: User Experiences and Interfaces to Programmed Solutions (Modules 82–380) 20 words to find · Recording pitfalls and useful solutions in an existing interface, Known user, User characteristics, Age appropriateness of information and more

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Crossword: Digital Methods for Exchanging Data to Prototype Digital Data Exchanges (Modules 127–333) 10 clues · How the front-end and back-end exchange data, Data exchange, Data interface, Integrity and more

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Crossword: Prototype Digital Data Exchanges (Modules 334–401) 10 clues · SQL ALTER TABLE, SQL HAVING, SQL sub-select (subquery), Reading and writing binary files and more

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Word Search: Digital Methods for Exchanging Data to Prototype Digital Data Exchanges (Modules 127–401) 21 words to find · How the front-end and back-end exchange data, Data exchange, Data interface, Integrity and more