ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 Definitions Worksheet: Cyber Security Threats and Vulnerabilities and Privacy Principles and Digital Footprints (Modules 876–944)
Name:
Date:
Class:
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Key terms
Write what each term means, in your own words.
1
for shift in range(1, 26):
2
key[i % len(key)]
3
XOR cipher
4
Base64
5
one-way function
6
hashlib.sha256(text.encode()).hexdigest()
7
APP entity
8
APP lifecycle groups
9
APP 10
10
OAIC
11
APP duties and rights
12
depersonalise
13
privacy critique
Answer Key
ACARA Digital Technologies Years 9–10 · Modules 876–944 · Student wording will vary for definitions
1for shift in range(1, 26): — A loop that tries every Caesar shift from 1 to 25. Each pass decrypts the message and prints the shift beside the result, so you can spot the readable one.
2key[i % len(key)] — Picks the keyword letter for position i and wraps back to the start with %, so each message letter gets its own shift. This is how a Vigenere cipher loop cycles the keyword.
3XOR cipher — Encrypts by XOR-ing (^ in Python) each character code with a key number. XOR-ing the result with the same key again restores the original, so one key encrypts and decrypts.
4Base64 — Rewrites data using 64 printable characters so it can be sent as text. It has no secret key, so anyone can reverse it. It is encoding, not encryption, and protects nothing.
5one-way function — A calculation that is easy to do forwards but practically impossible to reverse, like mixing paint. It is the idea behind hashing and public-key encryption.
6hashlib.sha256(text.encode()).hexdigest() — Python code that turns text into bytes, hashes it with SHA-256 and returns a fixed-length hex string. Same input gives the same hash; one changed letter gives a new hash.
7APP entity — An organisation or government agency that must follow the Australian Privacy Principles under the Privacy Act 1988, such as federal agencies, health providers and larger businesses.
8APP lifecycle groups — The 13 APPs grouped by what happens to data: openness (1-2), collection (3-5), use and disclosure (6-9), quality and security (10-11), access and correction (12-13).
9APP 10 — Australian Privacy Principle 10: take reasonable steps to make sure the personal information you collect, use or disclose is accurate, up to date and complete.
10OAIC — The Office of the Australian Information Commissioner: the government body that oversees the Privacy Act, gives guidance, handles privacy complaints and can act on APP breaches.
11APP duties and rights — The APPs make organisations handle personal data responsibly (clear policy, minimal collection, security, correction) and give people rights: consent, anonymity, access, correction and complaint.
12depersonalise — Save a copy first, then delete columns that identify people (name, address, birth date) so only data needed for analysis remains. Hiding is not enough when sharing.
13privacy critique — List the data a solution collects, test each item against the relevant APPs as met, partly met or not met, then recommend changes that shrink the footprint.