VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation Definitions Worksheet: Querying data with SQL to Purposes and types of data visualisations (Modules 55–70)
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Date:
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Key terms
Write what each term means, in your own words.
1
GROUP BY
2
INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.key = t2.key
3
UPDATE table SET field = value WHERE condition;
4
Test a query
5
scatter graph
6
histogram
7
Trendline
8
correlation is not causation
9
misleading chart
10
educating visualisation
Answer Key
VCE Spreadsheets, SQL & Visualisation · Modules 55–70 · Student wording will vary for definitions
1GROUP BY — An SQL clause that sorts rows into groups sharing the same field value, then applies an aggregate like AVG or COUNT to each group, giving one result row per group (e.g. average score per class).
2INNER JOIN t2 ON t1.key = t2.key — Combines rows from two tables where a foreign key matches a primary key, so related data shows in one result. Use table.field names to say which table each field belongs to.
3UPDATE table SET field = value WHERE condition; — UPDATE changes field values and DELETE FROM removes records. Always add WHERE so only the chosen records change. Without it, every record in the table is changed or deleted.
4Test a query — Predict the rows a query should return from a small sample, run it, then compare the actual result with your prediction. Check row counts, boundary values and JOIN matches.
5scatter graph — A chart that plots each record as a point using two number columns, one on the x axis and one on the y axis, to show whether two things are related.
6histogram — A chart with touching columns showing how many values fall in each numeric bin. Bins go on the x axis, frequency on the y axis. It shows the shape of the data, unlike a bar chart of categories.
7Trendline — A straight or curved line fitted to the points on a chart. It shows the overall direction of the data, such as going up or down. Add it with Add Chart Element > Trendline.
8correlation is not causation — Two things can rise or fall together without one causing the other. A trend shows a relationship, not the reason, so a hidden third factor may explain both.
9misleading chart — A chart whose design, like a cut-off axis, 3D effects or a cherry-picked range, makes the data look different from what it truly shows.
10educating visualisation — A visualisation that helps an audience learn how something works or understand a topic step by step, such as a labelled diagram or a process explained in stages.