5-6 Digital Technologies Vic Curric - Data, Information and Privacy Hangman

The 41 key terms

1data

Raw facts and values, like names or scores. When data is organised so it has meaning, it becomes information, like a table showing each class's average score.

2numeric data vs text data

Numeric data is numbers you can calculate with, like 12 or 3.5. Text data is words and characters, like cat or a phone number, which you never add up or average.

3file

A named chunk of stored data. Pictures, sounds and videos are all data that a digital system saves as files, such as photo.jpg, song.mp3 or clip.mp4.

4data representation

A way of showing the same data, such as a table, list, picture, symbol or chart. You choose the one that best suits your purpose and your audience.

5digital data

Computers store text, pictures and sound as numbers. Data is converted into number codes so a digital system can store it and work with it.

6bit

A bit is a single binary digit that is either 0 or 1, like a switch that is off (0) or on (1). A group of 8 bits is called a byte.

9Add the place values that have a 1

To read a binary number, add up the place values (1, 2, 4, 8...) that have a 1 under them and ignore the 0s. For example, 1011 is 8 + 2 + 1 = 11.

10character code

A number the computer uses to stand for one letter or symbol. It stores the number, then turns it back into the character on screen. In one A=1 code, A is 1 and B is 2.

11pixel

A pixel is one tiny square in a grid that makes up a digital image. Each pixel is stored as a number, such as 0 for white or 1 for black.

12primary data vs secondary data

Primary data is data you collect yourself, like a survey. Secondary data was collected by someone else, like data from a website or database.

13survey

A survey collects data by asking everyone the same clear questions, such as closed or open questions on an online form, so the answers can be counted and compared.

14spreadsheet

A grid of columns (letters, running down) and rows (numbers, running across). A cell is where a column and row meet, like B3. Each worksheet holds one grid.

16Click a cell, type, press Enter

To store data, click a cell, type your value, then press Enter to save it. Tab saves it and moves right. Text lines up left and numbers line up right.

17data table

A grid that organises data. Each column has one heading, and each row holds one record, like one student or one pet. There are no blank rows.

18CSV file

A plain text file that stores table data with commas between the values. A spreadsheet can open it and show the data in rows and columns.

19Sort

Sorting puts the rows of a table in order using the values in one column, like A to Z or smallest to largest, and keeps each row together.

20filter

A filter shows only the rows that match a value you choose and hides the other rows. The hidden rows are not deleted. Clear the filter to see them all again.

21clean data

Finding and fixing mistakes in data, like typos, spelling variations, duplicate rows, missing values and impossible values, so the results are correct.

24=SUM(B2:B10)

A formula that adds up all the numbers in a range of cells. The colon means 'from B2 to B10'. The AutoSum button can type it for you.

25=AVERAGE(B2:B10)

A spreadsheet function that adds up the numbers in cells B2 to B10 and divides by how many there are, to find the mean (the typical value). It is not the total.

26=MIN(range) and =MAX(range)

MIN finds the smallest (lowest) value in a range of cells and MAX finds the largest (highest) value. For example, =MAX(B2:B10) shows the top score in cells B2 to B10.

27=COUNT(B2:B10)

A spreadsheet formula that counts how many cells in the range B2 to B10 contain numbers. It ignores cells with text or empty cells.

28fill handle

The small square at a cell's corner. Drag it down to copy a formula to the cells below. The cell references change row by row, so B2 becomes B3.

29cell formatting

Changing how a cell looks, such as currency, decimal places, bold or column width, without changing the value stored inside it. For example, 5 can show as $5.00.

30pattern, trend, outlier

Look for patterns and trends in data, like highest, lowest, going up or down. An outlier is a value that stands out from the rest. Compare groups to see differences.

31Choosing the right chart

Pick the chart that matches your question: a bar chart to compare categories, a line chart for change over time, and a pie chart for parts of a whole.

32bar chart

A chart that uses bars to compare amounts in different categories. Select the labels and values, then choose Insert chart. Column charts have upright bars; bar charts lie sideways.

33line chart

A chart that joins points with a line to show how a value changes over time. Time goes along the bottom axis, so you can see if the trend goes up or down.

34pie chart

A circle chart split into slices. Each slice shows how big one part is compared with the whole, often as a percentage. All the slices add up to 100%.

35Title, axis labels and legend

The parts that help a viewer read a chart: the title says the topic, axis labels name the data and units, the legend explains colours.

36conclusion

A statement that answers a question using evidence from the data, such as numbers. It should only say what the data shows and stay within the data's limits.

37personal data

Information that identifies you or can be linked to you, such as your name, birthday, address, photos or school. A favourite colour on its own is not personal data.

38online account

A profile on a website or app that stores the personal data you give it, like your name and age. The company may share that data, so only give what is needed.

39digital footprint

The trail of data you leave online from what you do and post, like posts, comments, searches and photos, including data other people share about you.

40active and passive footprints

Active = data you choose to share, like posting a photo. Passive = data collected about you without you typing it, like cookies, location tracking or browsing history.

41digital permanence

Anything you post online can be copied, saved or shared by others, so it may never fully disappear, even if you delete it. Think before you post.

42privacy setting

A switch in an app or account that controls who can see your information, like making it private or friends only.

43consent

Asking permission before collecting someone's personal data and explaining how it will be used. The person can say no. For young people, a parent or guardian may also need to agree.

44data minimisation

Only collect the personal data you need for your purpose. Less data means less risk, so skip unneeded questions, store data safely and delete it when finished.

45anonymise

To remove or replace names and other identifying details in data, like using ID numbers, so people cannot be recognised.

46privacy check

A review of a data project that asks if you have consent, only collect what you need, hide names, and store the data safely, before you share it.