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Tuples – Practical Use

Tuples group related fixed values, return multiple values from a function, and can be used as dictionary keys

What it does: Using enum members makes comparisons self-documenting. Looping over an enum yields each member in definition order. An invalid enum name raises AttributeError; a mistyped string silently passes. if status == Status.ACTIVE: is clearer and safer than if status == 'active':. auto() assigns the next available integer so you don't need to number each member manually. Enum members are hashable (immutable) so they work as dict keys and set members. Use enums when you have a defined list of valid options that won't change. Size.SMALL is the key — looking it up returns the value 5.

Common mistakes: Compare with enum member, not string: prevents typos. String key typo passes silently. Enum key would cause clear error.

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Learning

Duo

Why use Color.RED instead of 'red'?

Typos cause errors immediatelyIt's shorter

Matches

❌ if status = Status.ACTIVE:

↓

Error: Use == not = for comparison

Applying

Meanings

Term

auto()

Meaning

Automatically assigns incrementing integer values to enum members.

Practice

from enum import Enum

Testing

Gaps

from enum import Enum,

Check Answer

Spots

4 INACTIVE = 2

5if status == 'active':

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Quick Questions

1. Why use Color.RED instead of 'red'?

A. Typos cause errors immediately ✓

B. It's shorter

An invalid enum name raises AttributeError; a mistyped string silently passes

2. Can enums be used in if/elif chains?

A. No

B. Yes great for state machines ✓

if status == Status.ACTIVE: is clearer and safer than if status == 'active':

3. What does auto() do?

A. Automatically assigns incrementing values ✓

B. Creates the class

auto() assigns the next available integer so you don't need to number each member manually

4. Can enums be dictionary keys?

A. No

B. Yes they are hashable ✓

Enum members are hashable (immutable) so they work as dict keys and set members

5. When should you use enums?

A. For a fixed set of choices (like status, direction, color) ✓

B. For all variables

Use enums when you have a defined list of valid options that won't change

Match the Pairs

if status = Status.ACTIVE: → Error: Use == not = for comparison

for item in Status.members: → Error: Use for item in Status: to iterate

if status == Status.ACTIVE: → Valid: Compare enum members with ==

for item in Status: → Ok: Iterate through all enum members

min(3, 1, 4, 1, 5) → Output: 1

max(3, 1, 4, 1, 5) → Output: 5

Key Term

auto()

Automatically assigns incrementing integer values to enum members.~~Type safety

Fill in the Blanks

1. from enum import Enum, auto class Color(Enum): RED = auto()

2. prices = {Size.SMALL: 5} print(prices[Size.SMALL])

3. if status == Status.ACTIVE: print('Active')

4. for item in Color: print(item.name)

5. class Size(Enum): SMALL = auto()

Spot the Error

Question 1

A from enum import Enum

B class Status(Enum):

C ACTIVE = 1

D INACTIVE = 2

E if status == 'active':

Line E — Compare with enum member, not string: prevents typos

Question 2

A prices = {'SMALL': 5, 'MEDIUM': 8}

B size = 'SMALL'

C cost = prices['SMAL']

D print('Cost:', cost)

Line C — String key typo passes silently. Enum key would cause clear error.

Question 3

A from enum import Enum, auto

C class Color(Enum):

D RED = auto

E GREEN = auto

Line D — auto needs parentheses: auto() not just auto

Question 4

A def paint(color):

B if color == 'red':

C pass

E paint('rad')

Line E — String 'rad' passes silently. Enum Color.RED would error immediately.

Question 5

A from enum import Enum

B class Color(Enum):

C RED = 1

E if color == Color.RED.value:

Line E — Compare with the member (Color.RED), not its value: loses type safety

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