← IGCSE Computer Science Paper 2

Error: missing ENDIF, NEXT, ENDWHILE or UNTIL

Closing keywords that end IF, FOR, WHILE and REPEAT. Each one must match its opening statement. A missing or mismatched closing keyword is an error.

Part of: IGCSE Computer Science 0478 — 7c Pseudocode and Flowcharts — Module 96

Understanding Error: missing ENDIF, NEXT, ENDWHILE or UNTIL in IGCSE Computer Science Paper 2

What it does: REPEAT is closed by UNTIL followed by the condition. ENDWHILE only belongs to WHILE loops. Each IF is closed by its own ENDIF. The inner ENDIF closes the inner IF and the outer ENDIF closes the outer IF. The identifier after NEXT must be the same as the loop variable in the FOR line. NEXT Counter is a different identifier, so it is an error. Each IF needs its own ENDIF. A nested IF with only one ENDIF has a missing closing keyword. ENDIF is required. Without it the algorithm is incorrect because the end of the IF statement is not shown.

Common mistakes: The loop counter is now Num, but the loop is closed with NEXT Count. NEXT must use the same identifier as the FOR line. The first line should be FOR Count ← 1 TO 5. A WHILE loop must be closed with ENDWHILE. ENDIF closes an IF statement, so it is the wrong closing keyword here.

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Learning

Duo

Which IF statement is closed correctly? A: IF Score > 50 THEN OUTPUT "Pass" ENDIF B: IF Score > 50 THEN OUTPUT "Pass" ENDWHILE

B: it ends with ENDWHILEA: it ends with ENDIF

Matches

FOR Count ← 1 TO 10 OUTPUT Count NEXT Total

↓

NEXT uses a different identifier (Total) from the FOR loop counter (Count). It should be NEXT Count.

Applying

Meanings

Term

ENDIF NEXT ENDWHILE UNTIL

Meaning

Closing keywords that end IF, FOR, WHILE and REPEAT. Each one must match its opening statement. A missing or mismatched closing keyword is an error.

Practice

FOR Count ← 1 TO 5

Testing

Gaps

Check Answer

Spots

1FOR Num ← 1 TO 5

2 OUTPUT Count

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Quick Questions

1. Which IF statement is closed correctly? A: IF Score > 50 THEN OUTPUT "Pass" ENDIF B: IF Score > 50 THEN OUTPUT "Pass" ENDWHILE

A. A: it ends with ENDIF ✓

B. B: it ends with ENDWHILE

Every IF must be closed with ENDIF. ENDWHILE closes a WHILE loop, so it is a mismatched closing keyword.

2. A FOR loop starts with FOR Count ← 1 TO 5. Which closing line is correct?

A. NEXT Counter

B. NEXT Count ✓

The identifier after NEXT must be the same as the loop variable in the FOR line. NEXT Counter is a different identifier, so it is an error.

3. A student writes a REPEAT loop and ends it with ENDWHILE. Is this correct?

A. No. A REPEAT loop must end with UNTIL and a condition ✓

B. Yes. ENDWHILE can close any loop

ENDWHILE only closes WHILE ... DO. REPEAT is closed by UNTIL followed by a condition, for example UNTIL Pass = TRUE.

4. Which statement about a nested IF is true? IF A > 0 THEN IF B > 0 THEN OUTPUT "Both"

A. It needs two ENDIFs, one for each IF ✓

B. One ENDIF at the end closes both IF statements

Each IF needs its own ENDIF. A nested IF with only one ENDIF has a missing closing keyword.

5. Which WHILE loop is closed correctly? A: WHILE Lives > 0 DO Lives ← Lives - 1 ENDWHILE B: WHILE Lives > 0 DO Lives ← Lives - 1 UNTIL Lives = 0

A. B: it ends with UNTIL

B. A: it ends with ENDWHILE ✓

WHILE ... DO is closed with ENDWHILE. UNTIL belongs to REPEAT, so using it here is a mismatched closing keyword.

Match the Pairs

NEXT Counter → Closes a FOR loop whose counter variable is Counter

ENDWHILE → Closes a WHILE ... DO loop

A REPEAT loop must end with UNTIL and a condition, not with ENDWHILE → REPEAT INPUT Number UNTIL Number > 0

A nested IF needs its own ENDIF, so two IF statements need two ENDIF keywords → IF Mark >= 50 THEN IF Mark >= 80 THEN OUTPUT "Distinction" ENDIF ENDIF

FOR Count ← 1 TO 10 OUTPUT Count NEXT Total → NEXT uses a different identifier (Total) from the FOR loop counter (Count). It should be NEXT Count.

REPEAT INPUT Answer ENDWHILE → ENDWHILE has been used to close a REPEAT loop. It should be UNTIL with a condition, such as UNTIL Answer = 5.

Key Term

ENDIF NEXT ENDWHILE UNTIL

Closing keywords that end IF, FOR, WHILE and REPEAT. Each one must match its opening statement. A missing or mismatched closing keyword is an error.

Fill in the Blanks

1. FOR Count ← 1 TO 5 OUTPUT Count NEXT Count

Hint: Type the loop variable that NEXT must name to match the FOR line

2. IF Score > 50 THEN OUTPUT "Pass" ENDIF

Hint: Type the closing keyword that ends an IF statement

3. WHILE Total < 100 DO Total ← Total + 5 ENDWHILE

Hint: Type the closing keyword that ends a WHILE loop

4. REPEAT INPUT Guess UNTIL Guess = 7

Hint: Type the keyword that closes a REPEAT loop and starts its condition. ENDWHILE is not used here

5. IF Age > 0 THEN IF Age > 9 THEN OUTPUT "Big" ENDIF ENDIF

Hint: Type the closing keyword that is missing for the outer IF of this nested IF

Spot the Error

Question 1

A FOR Num ← 1 TO 5

B OUTPUT Count

C NEXT Count

Line A — The loop counter is now Num, but the loop is closed with NEXT Count. NEXT must use the same identifier as the FOR line. The first line should be FOR Count ← 1 TO 5.

Question 2

A Count ← 0

B WHILE Count < 3 DO

C Count ← Count + 1

D ENDIF

Line D — A WHILE loop must be closed with ENDWHILE. ENDIF closes an IF statement, so it is the wrong closing keyword here.

Question 3

A REPEAT

B INPUT Pin

C ENDWHILE

Line C — A REPEAT loop is closed by UNTIL followed by a condition. ENDWHILE belongs to a WHILE loop. The line should be UNTIL Pin = 1234.

Question 4

A IF Mark >= 50 THEN

B WHILE Mark >= 80 DO

C OUTPUT "High"

D ENDIF

E ENDIF

Line B — This line opens a WHILE loop, but the block is closed with ENDIF. The opening statement and closing keyword do not match. The line should be IF Mark >= 80 THEN.

Question 5

A FOR Row ← 1 TO 3

B FOR Num ← 1 TO 4

C OUTPUT Row * Col

D NEXT Col

E NEXT Row

Line B — The inner loop uses Num, but it is closed by NEXT Col. The identifier after NEXT must match the FOR line. The line should be FOR Col ← 1 TO 4.

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