Data collected over a period of time

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Quick Questions

Shade in the A or B circle for each question.

1. Which best describes time-series data?

A One value recorded a single time with no date

B Values recorded repeatedly over time, each with a timestamp

2. A school records the temperature at 9:00 am every day for a year. What type of data is this?

A Time-series data

B A one-off snapshot

3. Why is a timestamp needed in time-series data?

A It makes each value more accurate

B It shows when each value was recorded

4. Which is an example of a regular collection interval?

A A sensor logging heart rate every 5 minutes

B A student checking their phone whenever they feel like it

5. Monthly sales rise steadily over three years. What is this pattern called?

A A trend

B A seasonal pattern

Match the Pairs

Draw a line connecting each item on the left to its match on the right.

Left column		Right column
1timestamp		AThe collection intervals are irregular. Readings should be taken at regular times, such as every hour, to compare changes fairly.
2interval = 1 hour		BThe values have no timestamps, so you cannot tell when each was recorded. It is not time-series data.
3Each reading in time-series data is stored with the time it was recorded		CJan: 38, Apr: 22, Jul: 12, Oct: 21, Jan: 37
4A seasonal pattern is a rise or fall that repeats at the same time each year		D2024-03-01 09:00, 24.5
5Temp: 21, 23, 25, 24, 22		EThe date and time attached to each recorded value so you know when it was collected
69:00, 10:00, 10:05, 14:00, 17:30		FA regular collection interval: a new value is recorded every hour

Definitions

time-series data

Fill in the Blanks

Complete each line of code by filling in the missing parts.

_________,temp_c 2024-06-01 09:00,14.2 2024-06-01 10:00,15.1

=___(B2:B13)

2024-06-01 09:00,14.2 2024-06-01 _____,15.1 2024-06-01 11:00,15.9

=_____(A2)

=B3_B2

Spot the Error

Shade in the letter of the line that contains an error.

Question 1

A Date,Temp_C

B 2024-01-01,28

C 2024-01-01,31

D 2024-01-03,29

Question 2

A Time,Steps

B 09:00,120

C 10:00,95

D 11:45,140

Question 3

A Station,Rainfall_mm

B 2024-06-01 09:00,2.4

C 2024-06-01 10:00,0.0

D 2024-06-01 11:00,1.2

Question 4

A interval <- 60

B IF logging = TRUE

C value <- ReadSensor()

D SAVE value, Now()

E WAIT interval

Question 5

A SET first TO 120, last TO 180

B IF last < first THEN

C OUTPUT 'Trend: rising'

Answer Key

Data collected over a period of time

Section A: Quick Questions

B — Values recorded repeatedly over time, each with a timestamp

A — Time-series data

B — It shows when each value was recorded

A — A sensor logging heart rate every 5 minutes

A — A trend

Section B: Match the Pairs

timestamp → The date and time attached to each recorded value so you know when it was collected

interval = 1 hour → A regular collection interval: a new value is recorded every hour

Each reading in time-series data is stored with the time it was recorded → 2024-03-01 09:00, 24.5

A seasonal pattern is a rise or fall that repeats at the same time each year → Jan: 38, Apr: 22, Jul: 12, Oct: 21, Jan: 37

Temp: 21, 23, 25, 24, 22 → The values have no timestamps, so you cannot tell when each was recorded. It is not time-series data.

9:00, 10:00, 10:05, 14:00, 17:30 → The collection intervals are irregular. Readings should be taken at regular times, such as every hour, to compare changes fairly.

Section C: Definitions

time-series data — Data recorded repeatedly over time, each value with a timestamp, usually at regular intervals, so you can see how values change and spot trends and seasonal patterns.

Section D: Fill in the Blanks

timestamp,temp_c
2024-06-01 09:00,14.2
2024-06-01 10:00,15.1

=MAX(B2:B13)

2024-06-01 09:00,14.2
2024-06-01 10:00,15.1
2024-06-01 11:00,15.9

=MONTH(A2)

=B3-B2

Section E: Spot the Error

C — Each reading in time-series data needs its own timestamp in order. The date 2024-01-01 is repeated. This row should be 2024-01-02,31.

D — Time-series data is usually collected at regular intervals. These readings are hourly, so the last timestamp should be 11:00, not 11:45.

A — Time-series data needs a timestamp column. The header labels the first column Station, but it holds date-times. It should be Timestamp,Rainfall_mm.

B — An IF runs only once, so the data would not be recorded repeatedly over time. A WHILE loop keeps collecting readings at each interval, so line 2 should be WHILE logging = TRUE.

B — The values went from 120 up to 180, so the trend is rising. The test should be last > first. With < the program would label a rising trend as falling.