UCASE and LCASE functions

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Quick Questions

Shade in the A or B circle for each question.

1. What does UCASE("Happy") return?

A "HAPPY"

B "happy"

2. What does LCASE('W') return?

A 'w'

B 'W'

3. Which function changes the text "cat" into "CAT"?

A LCASE("cat")

B UCASE("cat")

4. Which line of Cambridge pseudocode is written correctly?

A Answer ← lcase(Reply)

B Answer ← LCASE(Reply)

5. A program asks 'Do you want to play again? (Y/N)'. The user types y. Which condition still matches 'Y'?

A UCASE(Reply) = 'Y'

B Reply = 'Y'

Match the Pairs

Draw a line connecting each item on the left to its match on the right.

Left column		Right column
1UCASE("Happy")		AUCASE makes Answer all capitals, so it can never equal the lower case text "yes". The comparison is always false. It should be "YES".
2LCASE('W')		BReturns the character 'w' in lower case
3Make sure an answer typed as "yes", "Yes" or "YES" is treated the same by converting it to upper case before comparing		CThe argument must be inside brackets after the function name. It should be LCASE('K').
4Store a copy of the user's name in lower case so that it can be compared without worrying about capital letters		DIF UCASE(Answer) = "YES" THEN
5IF UCASE(Answer) = "yes" THEN		ELowerName ← LCASE(Name)
6Letter ← LCASE 'K'		FReturns the string "HAPPY" with every letter in upper case

Definitions

UCASE(x) and LCASE(x)

Fill in the Blanks

Complete each line of code by filling in the missing parts.

OUTPUT _____("Happy")

OUTPUT _____('W')

INPUT Answer Shout ← UCASE(______) OUTPUT Shout

INPUT Answer Match ← UCASE(Answer) _ "YES" OUTPUT Match

DECLARE Letter : CHAR Letter ← LCASE('W') OUTPUT ______

Spot the Error

Shade in the letter of the line that contains an error.

Question 1

A Word ← "Happy"

B Word ← 'Happy'

C OUTPUT Shout

Question 2

A INPUT Answer

B Answer ← UCASE(Answer)

C Answer ← LCASE(Answer)

D OUTPUT "Accepted"

E ENDIF

Question 3

A Letter ← LCASE 'W'

B OUTPUT Letter

C // Letter is now 'w'

Question 4

A INPUT Code

B Code ← UPPER(Code)

C OUTPUT "Code: ", Code

Question 5

A DECLARE Name : STRING

B Name ← "Zoe"

C OUTPUT UCASE("Name")

Answer Key

UCASE and LCASE functions

Section A: Quick Questions

A — "HAPPY"

A — 'w'

B — UCASE("cat")

B — Answer ← LCASE(Reply)

A — UCASE(Reply) = 'Y'

Section B: Match the Pairs

UCASE("Happy") → Returns the string "HAPPY" with every letter in upper case

LCASE('W') → Returns the character 'w' in lower case

Make sure an answer typed as "yes", "Yes" or "YES" is treated the same by converting it to upper case before comparing → IF UCASE(Answer) = "YES" THEN

Store a copy of the user's name in lower case so that it can be compared without worrying about capital letters → LowerName ← LCASE(Name)

IF UCASE(Answer) = "yes" THEN → UCASE makes Answer all capitals, so it can never equal the lower case text "yes". The comparison is always false. It should be "YES".

Letter ← LCASE 'K' → The argument must be inside brackets after the function name. It should be LCASE('K').

Section C: Definitions

UCASE(x) and LCASE(x) — UCASE returns a string or character in upper case, e.g. UCASE("Happy") gives "HAPPY". LCASE returns it in lower case, e.g. LCASE('W') gives 'w'.

Section D: Fill in the Blanks

OUTPUT UCASE("Happy")

OUTPUT LCASE('W')

INPUT Answer
Shout ← UCASE(Answer)
OUTPUT Shout

INPUT Answer
Match ← UCASE(Answer) = "YES"
OUTPUT Match

DECLARE Letter : CHAR
Letter ← LCASE('W')
OUTPUT Letter

Section E: Spot the Error

B — A string of several characters must be written in double quotes. Single quotes are only for a single CHAR. It should be Word ← "Happy".

C — LCASE makes the answer lower case, so it can never equal "YES". To compare with "YES" the answer must be converted with UCASE(Answer).

A — A function call needs brackets around its argument. It should be Letter ← LCASE('W').

B — UPPER is not a Cambridge pseudocode function. The function that returns upper case is UCASE, so it should be Code ← UCASE(Code).

C — Putting Name in quotes passes the text "Name" to UCASE, so it would output NAME. To output ZOE, pass the variable: OUTPUT UCASE(Name).