Deciding if a system is an expert system or machine learning

Name:

Date:

Class:

Quick Questions

Shade in the A or B circle for each question.

1. A program asks a patient questions about symptoms and gives medical advice using stored facts and IF-THEN rules. How should it be classified?

A Expert system

B Machine learning

2. A chess program plays thousands of games and plays better each time by changing its own strategy. How should it be classified?

A Expert system

B Machine learning

3. Which justification is the best for classifying a medical advice program as an expert system?

A It is an expert system because it uses a knowledge base and rule base to give advice.

B It is an expert system because it is a clever computer program.

4. A game program keeps a record of the moves that lost and updates its own data so it avoids them next time. Which evidence matters most for classifying it?

A It changes its own data, so it is machine learning

B It plays a game, so it is an expert system

5. A system gives advice from a knowledge base and rule base, and it also adjusts its own rules after each result. What is the best classification?

A It must be an expert system only

B It uses features of both an expert system and machine learning

Match the Pairs

Draw a line connecting each item on the left to its match on the right.

Left column		Right column
1classify: expert system		AGiving advice from a knowledge base and rule base is an expert system, not machine learning. The reason given does not match the type.
2classify: machine learning		Bscore <- score + 1; update strategy -> machine learning, because it changes its own processes
3A medical advice program asks questions, matches the answers to if-then rules and suggests a diagnosis, so it is an expert system.		CIF fever AND rash THEN advise 'see doctor' -> expert system, because it uses a knowledge base and rule base
4A program that plays a game, learns from each result and changes its own strategy for the next game is machine learning.		DThe system changes its own processes or data to improve, for example a program that gets better with each game.
5A medical advice program using a rule base is machine learning, because it gives advice.		EA program that improves by changing its own processes or data is machine learning. Playing well is not a justification.
6A game program that improves each game is an expert system, because it plays well.		FThe system gives advice using a knowledge base and rule base, and does not change its own rules.

Definitions

classify AI system

Fill in the Blanks

Complete each line of code by filling in the missing parts.

IF hasKnowledgeBase ___ hasRuleBase THEN OUTPUT "expert system" ENDIF

IF changesData __ changesProcess THEN OUTPUT "machine learning" ENDIF

IF usesRules AND changesData THEN ______ "both types" ENDIF

reason ← "it has a rule base" OUTPUT "expert system because " & ______

label ← "machine learning" OUTPUT "A game AI that improves is " & _____

Spot the Error

Shade in the letter of the line that contains an error.

Question 1

A system ← "symptom checker"

B has_knowledge_base ← FALSE

C changes_own_data ← FALSE

D IF has_knowledge_base THEN

E OUTPUT "expert system"

Question 2

A improves_each_game ← FALSE

B IF improves_each_game THEN

C OUTPUT "machine learning"

Question 3

A system ← "medical advisor"

B uses_rules ← TRUE

C type ← "machine learning"

D OUTPUT type

Question 4

A system ← "game AI"

B learns_from_games ← TRUE

C type ← "machine learning"

D reason ← "it has a rule base"

Question 5

A has_rules ← TRUE

B adapts ← TRUE

C OUTPUT "expert system only"

Answer Key

Deciding if a system is an expert system or machine learning

Section A: Quick Questions

A — Expert system

B — Machine learning

A — It is an expert system because it uses a knowledge base and rule base to give advice.

A — It changes its own data, so it is machine learning

B — It uses features of both an expert system and machine learning

Section B: Match the Pairs

classify: expert system → The system gives advice using a knowledge base and rule base, and does not change its own rules.

classify: machine learning → The system changes its own processes or data to improve, for example a program that gets better with each game.

A medical advice program asks questions, matches the answers to if-then rules and suggests a diagnosis, so it is an expert system. → IF fever AND rash THEN advise 'see doctor' -> expert system, because it uses a knowledge base and rule base

A program that plays a game, learns from each result and changes its own strategy for the next game is machine learning. → score <- score + 1; update strategy -> machine learning, because it changes its own processes

A medical advice program using a rule base is machine learning, because it gives advice. → Giving advice from a knowledge base and rule base is an expert system, not machine learning. The reason given does not match the type.

A game program that improves each game is an expert system, because it plays well. → A program that improves by changing its own processes or data is machine learning. Playing well is not a justification.

Section C: Definitions

classify AI system — Decide if a system gives advice from a knowledge base and rule base (expert system) or changes its own processes or data (machine learning), then justify with because.

Section D: Fill in the Blanks

IF hasKnowledgeBase AND hasRuleBase THEN
  OUTPUT "expert system"
ENDIF

IF changesData OR changesProcess THEN
  OUTPUT "machine learning"
ENDIF

IF usesRules AND changesData THEN
  OUTPUT "both types"
ENDIF

reason ← "it has a rule base"
OUTPUT "expert system because " & reason

label ← "machine learning"
OUTPUT "A game AI that improves is " & label

Section E: Spot the Error

B — A symptom checker gives advice from a knowledge base, so has_knowledge_base should be TRUE. With FALSE the IF would never classify it as an expert system.

A — A program that improves with each game changes its own processes or data, so this should be TRUE. With FALSE it would not be classed as machine learning.

C — A medical advisor that uses a rule base to give advice is an expert system. It does not change its own data, so it should be type ← "expert system".

D — The game AI is machine learning because it changes its own data as it learns. The reason must refer to this, not to a rule base, which belongs to expert systems.

C — The system uses rules AND changes itself, so it is both an expert system and machine learning. Saying 'expert system only' ignores the adapting part.