AI characteristic: a collection of data and rules

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Quick Questions

Shade in the A or B circle for each question.

1. Which pair describes what an AI system holds?

A A collection of data only

B A collection of data and rules

2. In an AI system, what is the role of the data?

A It stores the facts the system can use

B It tells the system how to use the facts

3. In an AI system, what is the role of the rules?

A They are the facts stored about the topic

B They are instructions for using the data

4. A computer stores thousands of symptoms and illnesses but has no rules for using them. Is it AI?

A No, data without rules is not AI

B Yes, lots of data is enough to be AI

5. In a medical diagnosis system, which item is a rule?

A IF fever AND rash THEN suggest measles

B Measles causes a fever and a rash

Match the Pairs

Draw a line connecting each item on the left to its match on the right.

Left column		Right column
1data = ["fever", "cough", "rash"]		AIF symptom = "rash" AND temp > 38 THEN diagnose "measles"
2IF symptom = "fever" THEN suggest "flu"		Bfacts = ["fever", "cough", "rash"]
3A medical diagnosis system stores symptoms and illnesses as facts, and rules to match them		CA rule is an instruction for using the facts, not a fact itself. Data is the stored facts and rules are the instructions.
4Data on its own is only stored facts, so without rules it is not AI		DA rule: an instruction that says how to use the stored facts to reach a result
5An AI system only needs a large collection of data, with no rules		EData alone is not AI. The system also needs rules that say how to use the data to reach a decision.
6A rule such as IF fever THEN flu is a fact stored in the data		FThe data: stored facts the AI system can look up, such as symptoms it knows about

Definitions

collection of data and rules

Fill in the Blanks

Complete each line of code by filling in the missing parts.

__ symptom = "fever" THEN illness ← "flu" ENDIF

IF symptom = "fever" ____ illness ← "flu" ENDIF

IF symptom = "fever" THEN illness _ "flu" ENDIF

symptom ← "rash" IF _______ = "rash" THEN illness ← "measles"

IF temp > 38 ___ cough = TRUE THEN illness ← "flu" ENDIF

Spot the Error

Shade in the letter of the line that contains an error.

Question 1

A RULE fever ← TRUE

B DATA rash ← TRUE

C IF fever AND rash THEN

D diagnosis ← "measles"

E ENDIF

Question 2

A temp ← 39

B IF temp > 38

C illness ← "fever"

D ENDIF

Question 3

A facts ← ["cough","fever"]

B IF "cough" IN facts THEN

C illness ← "cold"

D ENDWHILE

E OUTPUT illness

Question 4

A DATA fever ← TRUE

B DATA cough ← TRUE

C IF fever OR cough THEN

D OUTPUT "Possible flu"

E ENDIF

Question 5

A facts ← ["fever","cough"]

B FOR EACH s IN facts

C OUTPUT s

D NEXT s

Answer Key

AI characteristic: a collection of data and rules

Section A: Quick Questions

B — A collection of data and rules

A — It stores the facts the system can use

B — They are instructions for using the data

A — No, data without rules is not AI

A — IF fever AND rash THEN suggest measles

Section B: Match the Pairs

data = ["fever", "cough", "rash"] → The data: stored facts the AI system can look up, such as symptoms it knows about

IF symptom = "fever" THEN suggest "flu" → A rule: an instruction that says how to use the stored facts to reach a result

A medical diagnosis system stores symptoms and illnesses as facts, and rules to match them → IF symptom = "rash" AND temp > 38 THEN diagnose "measles"

Data on its own is only stored facts, so without rules it is not AI → facts = ["fever", "cough", "rash"]

An AI system only needs a large collection of data, with no rules → Data alone is not AI. The system also needs rules that say how to use the data to reach a decision.

A rule such as IF fever THEN flu is a fact stored in the data → A rule is an instruction for using the facts, not a fact itself. Data is the stored facts and rules are the instructions.

Section C: Definitions

collection of data and rules — An AI system stores data (facts) and rules that say how to use them, such as a medical system matching symptoms to illnesses. Data without rules is not AI.

Section D: Fill in the Blanks

IF symptom = "fever" THEN
   illness ← "flu"
ENDIF

IF symptom = "fever" THEN
   illness ← "flu"
ENDIF

IF symptom = "fever" THEN
   illness ← "flu"
ENDIF

symptom ← "rash"
IF symptom = "rash" THEN
   illness ← "measles"

IF temp > 38 AND cough = TRUE THEN
   illness ← "flu"
ENDIF

Section E: Spot the Error

A — Line 1 stores a fact (the patient has a fever), so it should be declared as data: DATA fever ← TRUE. RULE is for instructions that use the facts, not for storing them.

B — A rule that uses the stored data needs THEN after its condition. Line 2 should be IF temp > 38 THEN.

D — The rule on lines 2-3 is an IF statement, so it must end with ENDIF, not ENDWHILE.

C — The rule says flu needs both symptoms to match the stored facts, so it must use AND. With OR, either symptom alone would give the diagnosis.

C — Data on its own is not AI. Line 3 only prints the stored fact. It should apply the rules to the fact: OUTPUT APPLY_RULES(s).