Integrity

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Date:

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Quick Questions

Shade in the A or B circle for each question.

1. Which statement best describes integrity in cyber security?

A Data can be reached by anyone who wants to see it

B Data stays accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it

2. A hacker secretly changes your bank balance from $500 to $5000. Which part of security has been broken?

A Integrity

B Availability

3. Which one is an accidental change that breaks integrity?

A A staff member types $1000 instead of $100 into a record

B A criminal edits a record to steal money on purpose

4. True or false: Only deliberate attacks can break integrity.

A False

B True

5. Who is allowed to change data without breaking integrity?

A Any user on the network

B An authorised person

Match the Pairs

Draw a line connecting each item on the left to its match on the right.

Left column		Right column
1Integrity		Adeposit +100 by teller (logged)
2balance = 5000 -> 50000 (hacker)		BData stays accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it
3An accidental change can break integrity, such as a typing slip that makes a balance wrong		CA deliberate change that breaks integrity, like a tampered bank balance
4An authorised change keeps integrity, because the update is approved and recorded		DThis describes confidentiality, not integrity. Integrity is about data staying accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it.
5Integrity means keeping data secret from others		EIntegrity can also be broken by accidental changes, such as typing errors or software faults, not only deliberate attacks.
6Only hackers can break integrity		Fbalance = 1500 -> 150 (typo)

Definitions

Integrity

Fill in the Blanks

Complete each line of code by filling in the missing parts.

__ user_is_authorised THEN balance ← new_balance END IF

withdraw ← 50 balance ← balance _ withdraw

IF hash(file) _ stored_hash THEN alert("File changed") END IF

IF ___ is_authorised THEN DISPLAY "Change blocked" END IF

backup ← balance balance ← 9999 balance ← ______

Spot the Error

Shade in the letter of the line that contains an error.

Question 1

A IF NOT authorised THEN

B balance ← newBalance

C ELSE

D display "Change denied"

Question 2

A balance ← 500

B withdraw ← 120

C IF withdraw ≤ balance THEN

D balance ← balance + withdraw

Question 3

A storedHash ← hash(file)

B newHash ← hash(file)

C IF storedHash = newHash THEN

D display "File unchanged"

Question 4

A old ← 800

B new ← 200

C IF new = old THEN

D display "Balance changed"

Question 5

A amount ← input()

B IF amount < 0 THEN

C balance ← balance + amount

D ENDIF

Answer Key

Integrity

Section A: Quick Questions

B — Data stays accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it

A — Integrity

A — A staff member types $1000 instead of $100 into a record

A — False

B — An authorised person

Section B: Match the Pairs

Integrity → Data stays accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it

balance = 5000 -> 50000 (hacker) → A deliberate change that breaks integrity, like a tampered bank balance

An accidental change can break integrity, such as a typing slip that makes a balance wrong → balance = 1500 -> 150 (typo)

An authorised change keeps integrity, because the update is approved and recorded → deposit +100 by teller (logged)

Integrity means keeping data secret from others → This describes confidentiality, not integrity. Integrity is about data staying accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it.

Only hackers can break integrity → Integrity can also be broken by accidental changes, such as typing errors or software faults, not only deliberate attacks.

Section C: Definitions

Integrity — Data stays accurate and unaltered unless an authorised person changes it. Accidental or deliberate changes break it, such as a tampered bank balance.

Section D: Fill in the Blanks

IF user_is_authorised THEN
  balance ← new_balance
END IF

withdraw ← 50
balance ← balance - withdraw

IF hash(file) ≠ stored_hash THEN
  alert("File changed")
END IF

IF NOT is_authorised THEN
  DISPLAY "Change blocked"
END IF

backup ← balance
balance ← 9999
balance ← backup

Section E: Spot the Error

A — The check is reversed, so only unauthorised users could change the balance. Integrity needs only authorised people to make changes: IF authorised THEN.

D — A withdrawal must subtract from the balance. Adding it is an accidental error that makes the data inaccurate. It should be balance ← balance - withdraw.

B — This hashes the original file again, so the hashes always match and tampering would never be found. It should hash the downloaded copy: hash(download).

C — The test is wrong. It reports a change only when the values are equal. To detect a tampered balance it must check that they differ: IF new ≠ old THEN.

B — This accepts only negative amounts, so a typing slip could corrupt the balance and valid deposits are rejected. Validation should check that amount > 0.